It’s still early summer. Why are some lawn tree leaves prematurely turning colors and falling off?

Early color changes and leaf drop are indicators of drought stress. As a survival mechanism during a hot, dry spell many deciduous trees drop their leaves early or shut off sap flow to lesser branches. Often leaf curl is an early warning sign. Damage from drought can persist into next year with stunted growth or the death of younger trees.

During a drought, don’t grow complacent if a light rainfall occurs. Use a hand trowel to check how far the rain has penetrated the soil; moisture two inches deep or less will evaporate quickly. After a rain or watering moisture should be apparent in the soil at least 6 inches deep.

For recently planted trees water directly and deeply over the planting area. A drought is especially hard on young trees and can weaken or kill them. Weakened trees are also more likely to have insect or disease problems.

For established trees, consider running a drip irrigation line or soaker hose, placed at least 3 feet from the base of the tree. Most of the fine feeder roots are located several feet from the trunk and up to 3 feet below the surface of the soil; watering right at the base of the tree can lead to root diseases or pest problems.

Surface watering is not enough: allow the water to thoroughly penetrate the soil about once a week during any extended dry period. Water in the early evening so tree roots have time to absorb the moisture. Avoid wetting the foliage, which can lead to fungal diseases.

If you have grass or other ground cover under the tree canopy they are competing with the tree for water and might need to be removed. Using mulch around your tree will help regulate soil temperature and reduce evaporation. Mulch two to three inches deep out to the dripline (the outer edges of the tree canopy), but keep the mulch several inches away from the tree trunk.

Need a professional to evaluate your tree problems? Check out TreesAreGood.org for a tree specialist certified by the International Society of Arboriculture.

Do you have a home gardening question? Email HaywoodEMGV@gmail.com or call 828-456-3575 with a description of the issue. A Haywood County Master Gardener Volunteer will get back to you within a couple of days with research-based information.

Julie Taylor is a Master Gardener Volunteer in Haywood County. ©2022 NC State University.

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